Discussion of Total Physical Response

Total physical response has been named ‘the comprehension approach’, because of the importance it gives to listening comprehension; this method is a general approach to foreign language instruction. According to Winitz (1981), language learning should start first with understanding later proceed to production.
Language learning usually emphasizes students’ developing basic communication skills and vocabularies are meaningful exposures to the target language. The students listen to the teacher using the target language communicatively from the beginning of instruction. They do not speak at first. The teacher helps the students’ to understand them by using pictures and occasional words.
A new method from Michael Lewis argued that the lexical approach is less concerned with students’ production and more concern that students receive abundant comprehensible input.
James Asher’s Total Physical Response is the principles of the comprehension approach are put into practice; understanding of any target language is to follow direction uttered by the instruction (without native language translation).
The goal of this method is to make their students enjoy their experience in learning to communicate in a foreign language.

Principles:
1. Meaning in the target language can often be conveyed through actions.
2. Understand of the target language should be developed before speaking.
3. Students can learn rapidly by moving their body.
4. The imperative is a powerful linguistic can direct students behavior.
5. Students can learn through observing actions.
6. Feeling of success and low anxiety facilitate learning.
7. Students should not be made to memorize fixed routines.
8. Correction should be carried out in an unobtrusive manner.
9. Students need to understand more than exact sentences used in training.
10. Language learning is more effective when it is fun.
11. Spoken language should be emphasized over written language.
12. Students will begin to speak when they are ready.
13. Students are expected to a make errors and teacher should be tolerant of them.

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